In terms of signals with frequencies over 20 kHz ultrasonic waves are ultrasonic waves or ultrasound call. The use of 36 kHz or 40 kHz frequency signals in circuits operating with ultrasound... Read more
On the author‘s bench lay two ICs, waiting to be tried out: an LM3404 switching regulator (only available in a surface mount package, unfortunately), and a U2352 PWM IC. Together they could... Read more
Sinusoidal voltages signals are often converted to square waves using Zero-Crossing detectors. In this circuit, Op-Amp operates in the open loop comparator mode. The supply voltage can be si... Read more
Ramp Signal Generator Using 555-Timer The astable multivibrator with discharge terminal connected to the threshold terminal offers the least resistance during discharge period of the capacit... Read more
Palm Pilots are just one of the devices that use the IrDA standard for infrared data communication. Most Desktop PCs are not equipped with an IrDA interface so this simple circuit convenient... Read more
If you’re short of inputs on your amplifier, but it has an input for a magnetic pickup with RIAA correction, this very simple project will et you convert this into a high-level linear input,... Read more
The LM1830 fluid detector IC from National Semiconductor is designed to be able to detect the presence of fluids using a probe. This chip requires a relatively high supply voltage and is not... Read more
The digital volume control published in Elektor Electronics October 1997 can be used either with an RC5 remote control or with two pushbuttons (louder/softer). If for whatever reason you can... Read more
This circuit represents an interface converter between the UART pins of a microcontroller (with TTL levels) and a ‘standardised’ RS232 port with symmetric ±15- V levels. In contrast to the c... Read more
More and more communications systems are operating in the 2.4-GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band, including Bluetooth, various WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and Home-RF... Read more
