PWM waveforms are commonly used to control the speed of DC motors. The mark/space ratio of the digital waveform can be defined either by using an adjustable analogue voltage level (in the ca... Read more
Electronics textbooks will tell you that a non-inverting opamp normally cannot be regulated down to 0 dB gain. If zero output is needed then it is usual to employ an inverting amplifier and... Read more
Knitting always involves a lot of counting as you have to keep track how many rows you’ve knitted and how many should follow. This can, of course, be done with pen and paper, but it’s more f... Read more
Contact bounce is an age-old problem with all types of pushbutton switches and keypads that are connected to digital components. The measures that are used to deal with the repeated closing... Read more
Schematic Diagram: Here we are going to make a flip-flop based 4 bit counter. ie it counts 0000-1111 in a binary system. The clock of the first flip-flop is either natural crystal clock or... Read more
Schematic Circuit Diagram: Before explaining the project I am going to tell you one important thing; that is please make a habit of the reading datasheet of particular ic you are using in yo... Read more
This circuit was developed to turn on power supplies in sequence, and then turn them off again in the reverse sequence. This can be helpful for experimenting with equipment and circuits whos... Read more
The subject of stepper motors is clearly very popular, with many reader responses to every published article. A design for a unipolar controller appeared in the May 1999 issue, and now we pr... Read more
Although most petrol-engined w cars and lorries have a counter as standard that is by no means the case in diesel-engined motor vehicles. The reason for this is that, since a diesel engine h... Read more
This compact four-digit digital counter is suitable for any application, such as clocks, frequency meters, digital voltmeter, tachometers, stop-watches, scoreboards, etc. The counter module... Read more
