Very simple, versatile modular design. No limits to the number of modules used in the ring
Circuit diagram using LEDs:
Circuit diagram using Lamps:
Parts:
R1 1K5 1/4W Resistor
R2 680R 1/4W Resistor (Optional, see text)
C1 47F 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1 LED any type
Q1 BC337 45V 800mA NPN Transistor
P1 SPST Pushbutton
LP1 Filament Lamp 12 or 24V (See text)
Comments:
The purpose of this circuit was to create a ring in which LEDs or Lamps illuminate sequentially. Its main feature is a high versatility: you can build a loop containing any number of LEDs or Lamps, as each illuminating device has its own small circuit.
The diagrams show three-stage circuits for simplicity: you can add an unlimited number of stages (shown in dashed boxes), provided the last stage output was returned to the first stage input, as shown.
P1 pushbutton purpose is to allow a sure start of the sequence at power-on but, when a high number of stages is used, it also allows illumination of more than one LED or Lamp at a time, e.g. one device illuminated and three out and so on.
After power-on, P1 should be held closed until only the LED or Lamp related to the module to which the pushbutton is connected remains steady illuminated. When P1 is released the sequencer starts: if P1 is pushed briefly after the sequence is started, several types of sequence can be obtained, depending from the total number of stages.
Notes:
If one LED per module is used, the voltage supply can range from 6 to 15V. You can use several LEDs per module. They must be wired in series and supply voltage must be related to their number.
Using 24V supply (the maximum permitted voltage), about 10 LEDs wired in series can be connected to each module, about 7 at 15V and no more than 5 at 12V.
The right number of LEDs can vary, as it is depending by their color and brightness required. Using lamps, voltage supply can range from 9 to 24V. Obviously, lamp voltage must be the same as a supply voltage.
In any case, lamps may also be wired in series, e.g. four 6V lamps wired in series can be connected to each module and powered by 24V supply. If you intend to use lamps drawing more than 400mA current, BC337 transistors should be substituted by Darlington types like BD677, BD679, BD681, 2N6037, 2N6038, 2N6039 etc.
As Darlington transistor usually have a built-in Base-Emitter resistor, R1 may be omitted, further reducing parts count.
Sequencer speed can be varied changing C1 value. A similar design appeared in print about forty years ago. It used germanium transistors and low voltage lamps. I think the use of LEDs, silicon transistors, Darlington transistors, and 24V supply an interesting improvement.
