OPAMP Project List

  1. Amplification/Attenuation Selector Schematic Circuit Diagram
    A Type TL081 opamp and some passive components are sufficient to construct a small amplifier whose amplification can be varied between +1 and -1 with a potentiometer; see the diagram.…
  2. Overload Indicator Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Overload Indicator Utilizing a Window Comparator: The overload indicator is comprised of a window comparator designed to assess the magnitude of an audio frequency signal. Two opamps from a TL072…
  3. 40 W Output Amplifier Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Hybrid Output Module for Amplification: 40 W output amplifier: Despite the availability of numerous hybrid output modules in the market, combining compactness with an affordable price and commendable performance remains…
  4. Digital Volume Control Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Digital Volume Control: Precision Attenuation In the realm of digital volume control, two ladder networks, coupled with individual buffers, collectively create a volume control system boasting an impressive 63 dB…
  5. Low-Noise Amplifier 2 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Shunted Input Stages for Low-Noise Amplification: One viable approach to the design of a low-noise amplifier involves the shunting of multiple input stages. This strategy leads to an overall noise…
  6. Low-Noise Amplifier 1 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) in Receivers: A ubiquitous component in receivers, the low-noise amplifier (LNA) plays a crucial role in elevating the received signal above the noise floor, enabling further processing.…
  7. Compressor or Limiter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Distinguishing Compressor and Limiter: Compressor or limiter. In the audio realm, a compressor operates with a low ratio, selectively attenuating some volume when surpassing the predetermined threshold. Conversely, a limiter employs…
  8. Voice-Operated Recording Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Adding Voice-Operated Recording to a Cassette Recorder: Voice-operated recording (VOR) is a common feature in handheld memo recorders, initiating tape recording upon detecting a speech signal without requiring the user…
  9. 3 Watt PWM Stereo Amplifier Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Stepper Motor Bridge Driver IC in Stereo Amplifier: This compact stereo amplifier stands out with its unconventional use of a stepper motor bridge driver IC as the stereo power output…
  10. Peak level indicator
    Understanding Audio Signal Levels The peak level, representing the instantaneous measurement of the audio level, holds significance in gauging the highest point of the audio and its proximity to the…
  11. Compact A-D Converter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Building an Analog-to-Digital (A-D) Converter with Discrete Components Despite the ready availability of good and cost-effective integrated analog-to-digital (A-D) converters, constructing one from individual components can provide valuable insights. The…
  12. Automatic Battery Charger 1 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Smart Charging Control Circuit for Batteries Automatic battery charger 1: The presented charger incorporates an intelligent mechanism that interrupts the charging voltage upon the battery achieving its designated nominal voltage…
  13. Synchronization Separator Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Television Receiver Sync Signal Separator Circuit Synchronization Separator: This circuit serves the purpose of isolating synchronizing pulses from the video signal within a television receiver. The sync signal separator, with…
  14. Field-Strength Meter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Field-Strength Meter Overview: Field-strength meter: The device under consideration here utilizes a series of LEDs to indicate, in logarithmic ratios, the strength of an electric field in the vicinity of…
  15. S-Meter For Short-Wave Receivers Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Accurate S-Meter for Short-Wave Receivers: S-meter for short-wave receivers: Some radio amateurs place great importance on precise RST reports, while others, especially those in the VHF/UHF community, pay little attention…
  16. Video Data Change Detector Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Video Change Detection Circuit for Security Systems Video Data Change Detector: This circuit serves to detect alterations in video information and triggers an alarm in a closed-circuit television guard system…
  17. Capacitance Meter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Capacitance Meter Overview A capacitance meter serves as electronic test equipment designed for the primary purpose of measuring capacitance, particularly for discrete capacitors. Simple Capacitance Measurement Circuit The provided capacitance…
  18. Relative Humidity Sensor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Humidity Sensor Design: Figaro Type NH-02 The Figaro Type NH-02 humidity sensor incorporates a capacitive humidity sensor, Zs, and a thermistor, Z, arranged in series on an aluminum substrate. The…
  19. Triangular Signal Generator Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Pulse Duration Modulators: A fundamental aspect of pulse duration modulators involves generating a perfect triangular signal characterized by absolute symmetry and straight sides, as any deviation from this ideal form…
  20. Voltage-Controlled Current Source Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Voltage-to-Current Conversion with TL084 Op-Amp Circuit The designed source, utilizing the Type TL084 quadruple opamp, serves the purpose of converting an input signal within the range of 0–5 V into…
  21. Active Two-Wire Temperature Sensor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Innovative Measurement Technique: Amplifying Remote Sensor Signals In typical scenarios where a physical quantity must be measured remotely, it's usually essential to incorporate an amplifier with the sensor. However, this…
  22. LED Indicator Light Schematic Circuit Diagram
    The objective of this project is to develop an LED-based indicator. This LED indicator light serves as a budget-friendly electronic project, suitable for replacing conventional indicators in bicycles and vehicles.…
  23. Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR
    To charge the battery, a minimal AC or DC voltage is employed in the Battery Charger circuit. Therefore, when using an AC power source for charging, it's necessary to take…
  24. Cell Phone Detector Circuit
    Cell Phone Detector Cell Phone Detectors, commonly referred to as mobile phones, have become the ubiquitous electronic gadgets of our time. With the advancement of communication technology, the demand for…
  25. 100W Subwoofer Amplifier Circuit
    A subwoofer is a speaker designed to reproduce low-frequency audio signals. The inaugural subwoofer amplifier was pioneered by Ken Kreisler in 1970. Its chief objective is to elevate the bass…
  26. Low Power Audio Amplifier using 555 Timer
    In venues like auditoriums or similar halls, conventional audio amplifier techniques typically employ high-power circuits to power large loudspeakers. Nevertheless, for applications demanding the use of compact loudspeakers with relatively…
  27. Audio Amplifier Circuit – 15 Watts Schematic Circuit Diagram
    The circuit below is of a  15 Watts Class B audio amplifier circuit designed using a dual Op-amp and transistors. Description: The circuit shown here is of a simple Class-B audio amplifier…
  28. Log amplifier Schematic Circuit Diagram
    A logarithmic amplifier, often referred to as a log amplifier, is a linear electronic circuit where the output voltage is directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the input signal.…
  29. Sound Level Indicator Schematic Circuit Diagram
    In this project, we implement the LM3915 bar-graph IC to operate a set of twenty LEDs, effectively covering a 30dB range. What sets this circuit apart is its inclusion of…
  30. SPEAKER DELAY SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    SPEAKER DELAY: To safeguard against noise during the initial operation of amplifiers and to shield speakers from potential damage, the control component is a standard feature in sound systems. It…
  31. SOLAR PANEL ROUTER AND DC-DC WELDED REGULATOR SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    The "SOLAR PANEL ROUTER" forum section, hosted by basriacar ular, offers an excellent platform for sharing valuable insights and showcasing sample projects related to solar energy. Within the "Switched Power…
  32. CURRENT MEASUREMENT
    In various applications, measuring current is as crucial as measuring voltage. Before delving into current measurement techniques, it's essential to understand what current entails. Current: It signifies the flow of…
  33. Voltage Regulators and UPS – Manufacturer Company Affordable Prices
    Voltage Regulators: Voltage regulators are electronic devices designed to maintain a constant voltage level in electrical circuits. They are used to stabilize the voltage supply, ensuring that electronic devices receive…
  34. DESIGN PROJECT!
    Many hobbyists in the field of electronics are familiar with two common linear regulators: LM317. These are typically accompanied by an op-amp (LM318), along with various resistors and capacitors. Now,…
  35. SIMPLE POWER SUPPLIES WITH LM337 AND LM317 SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    I found 2 power supply diagrams when mixing my archive. well-prepared, especially for beginners in electronics, easy-to-understand instructions, simple descriptions of circuits, layout drawings. Adjusted symmetrical power supply by HAYDAR AKIN ANADOLU…
  36. DESIGN PROJECT SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    There are two linear regulators in the bag of most people dealing with hobby electronics: LM317. One opamp (LM318) and plenty of resistance, capacitor and so on. Let us ask this; Let us…
  37. 12V DARK SWITCH WITH 741 OP AMP Schematic Circuit Diagram
    It works as a dark key with the LDR that you see in the diagram. The circuit consists of four resistors, one opamp, two potentiometers, one LDR, one switching transistor and one lamp. In the…
  38. AUDIO TRANSMISSION WITH FIBER OPTIC CABLE SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    Operation Principle of the Transmitter Circuit: In this circuit, an audio signal is converted into an electrical signal using a capacitive microphone. The microphone output, at millivolt levels, is amplified…
  39. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    Another desirable feature of regulated voltage supplies is overcurrent protection. When overcurrent is drawn from the output of a regulated current source, or when there is a short circuit, an overcurrent…
  40. LM3886 STEREO COMPLEX ANFI PROJECT SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
    The LM3886 Anfi integration is very popular and I have made a special design. First of all there are differences between photos and pcb, some because of the material values…
  41. Tester for Inductive Sensors Schematic Circuit Diagram
    This tester utilizes an LED to indicate the presence of a signal generated by an inductive sensor. It is designed to assess inductive sensors commonly used in automotive ABS and…
  42. Audio Source Enhancer Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Comparing Sound Quality: Vinyl vs. CD The debate over sound quality between vinyl and CD continues to captivate audio philes worldwide. In this discussion, we aim to unravel the complexities…
  43. VGA Background Lighting Schematic Circuit Diagram
    An increasing number of individuals are utilizing PCs, both conventional and notebooks, for film viewing purposes. The VGA output can be harnessed to create a corresponding 'Ambilight' effect for this…
  44. LED TV Backlight Tester Schematic Circuit Diagram
    This circuit is designed to simultaneously test up to three LEDs connected in series. By employing a higher supply voltage, it's easy to expand the number of LEDs tested. This…
  45. Overheat Detector Alarm/Switch Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Central to this circuit is a precise integrated temperature sensor known as LM35 (IC1), delivering an exact linear and directly proportional output in millivolts across the temperature range from zero…
  46. Stepper Motor Controller Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Understanding Stepper Motor Controller Stepper motor come in various sizes, versions, and operating voltages. This versatile controller offers a significant advantage as it can function effectively across a wide range…
  47. Efficient Current Source for High-power LEDs Schematic Circuit Diagram
    To ensure a high-power LEDs operates at its maximum brightness and has an extended working life. It must be driven at the specified optimal current. It is crucial to avoid…
  48. Converting a DCM Motor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Recently, we purchased a train set from a well-known company and couldn't resist examining the locomotive's interior. Despite featuring an electronic decoder, the DCM motor inside was actually introduced 35…
  49. Luxury Car Interior Light Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Enhancing Car Interiors with a Delayed Interior Light Circuit This circuit falls under the realm of 'car modding', a trend akin to the widely popular case modding seen in the…
  50. Adjustable Zener Diode Schematic Circuit Diagram
    A Zener diode, illustrated in Figure 1, functions as a basic form of voltage limiter. When the voltage surpasses the diode's rated value, it allows current to pass through, effectively…
  51. Monitor Life Xtender Schematic Circuit Diagram
    This circuit was specifically created to safeguard computer monitor from overheating. It is highly recommended to connect this circuit to the monitors used by power users. CRT-type computer monitors commonly…
  52. Low-cost Position Sensor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Building a Sensorless Positioning Encoder Have you ever wanted to create a positioning encoder without the hassle of using sensors? Well, here's a solution that eliminates the need for traditional…
  53. Overvoltage Protection Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Customizable Overvoltage Protection Design This design, tested and proven, offers robust protection against overvoltage while allowing customization to suit your specific requirements. Moreover, this circuit holds the versatility to detect…
  54. Mains Remote Transmitter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Generating Mains-Borne Carrier with a Versatile Circuit This circuit serves the purpose of superimposing a 143-kHz carrier wave onto the mains voltage, opening doors to various applications. A prime example…
  55. Wideband Wien Oscillator 4 Amps Photovoltaic Charge Controller Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Wien Bridge Oscillator Overview The Wien bridge oscillator, named after Max Wien (1866–1938), is capable of generating a low-distortion sine wave with a constant amplitude, spanning from approximately 15 Hz…
  56. Universal Measurement Amplifier/Attenuator Schematic Circuit Diagram
    A computer is very suitable for making (audio) measurements thanks to the sound card that is usually built in. Unfortunately, the audio input on laptops is usually too sensitive to…
  57. One-transistor Voltage Converter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Taking apart a solar-powered lamp revealed a single-transistor voltage converter circuit that allowed an LED to be driven from a 1.2 V cell. The l/h diagram shows the circuit (with…
  58. DC Protection for Speakers Schematic Circuit Diagram
    I’m in the process of building myself a single-ended class A MOSFET amplifier consisting of two monoblocks, and I don’t want to use a coupling capacitor between the amplifier and…
  59. Electric Guitar Preamp, Mixer and Line Driver Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Understanding Electric Guitar Pickups Electric guitar come in various designs, featuring anywhere from one to six pickup elements. Even classic acoustic guitars can be enhanced with one or more added…
  60. Experimental Hall Sensor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Exploring DIY Hall Sensors: Unleashing Creativity and Satisfaction Crafting your own Hall sensor can be a fascinating and fulfilling endeavor, far more engaging than purchasing pre-made ones. The key lies…
  61. Battery Charge Monitor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Battery Charge Status Monitoring: Continuous Current Measurement This circuit offers continuous monitoring of a battery charge status through the measurement of charge and discharge currents. By integrating the battery current…
  62. Triangular Wave Oscillator with Sine Wave Converter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Developing a Replacement for the 8038 Chip The genesis of this design stemmed from the necessity to find a viable alternative for the obsolete 8038 chip, which had become exceedingly…
  63. Glass Blower Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Innovative Input Impedance Enhancement in Guitar Pedals Traditionally, guitar pedals employ a large resistor at the first opamp input to achieve high input impedance, but this method introduces noise due…
  64. Voltage Difference Magnifier Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Monitoring the Charge-and-Discharge Process of a 6-V Lead-Acid Battery This particular circuit was specifically devised for overseeing the intricate charge-and-discharge phases of a 6-V lead-acid battery. These crucial processes occur…
  65. LED Tester Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Facilitating LED Selection with Precise Characteristics In specific situations, selecting LEDs with closely matched characteristics becomes imperative. This design streamlines the process significantly. It employs two tracking current sources, enabling…
  66. Solar Cell Battery Charger/Monitor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Developing a Standalone Solar Panel System Over the past year, the author has been engaged in the creation of an independent solar panel system, encompassing the entire process, including the…
  67. Petrol/Diesel Level Sensor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Compact Sensor Ideal for Confined Spaces Designed specifically for cramped areas like motorcycle petrol tanks, this sensor offers remarkable suitability. Unlike traditional sensors featuring moving components like floats and float…
  68. Remote-controlled Preamp with Digital Pot Schematic Circuit Diagram
    High-Quality Preamplifier with Digital Potentiometer Presented here is a straightforward yet superior preamplifier employing a DS1882 digital potentiometer, a component tailored for audio applications. Controlled through an I2C interface by…
  69. Video Line Driver Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Video Line Driver for Single-Ended Power Supply This circuit functions as a video line driver tailored for a single-ended power supply setup. Notably, the synchronized outputs of a line driver,…
  70. Parallel Opamps Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Timeless Wisdom: 1979's Evergreen Application Note Certain application notes stand the test of time. This particular one, originating from the ancient year of 1979, remains as pertinent as ever. It…
  71. Squarewave Oscillator Using TLC073 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Generating Square Waves: A Fundamental Oscillator A squarewave generator, essentially an oscillator, operates autonomously, delivering output without requiring any initial input, except for a momentary impulse input within zero seconds.…
  72. Active PC Loudspeaker Schematic Circuit Diagram
    With the well-known TDA2030V integrated power amplifier in the Pentawatt package, it is easy to ‘activate’ a PC loudspeaker or upgrade the quality of an inexpensive active loudspeaker. The TDA2030…
  73. Ammeter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Addressing Challenges in Current Measurement Our readers have provided valuable feedback, highlighting the challenges associated with measuring currents in the positive lead of a power supply. In response to these…
  74. Li-Ion Protection Circuit Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Preserving Lithium-Ion Battery Life Discharging a li-ion battery below its minimum recommended cell voltage significantly shortens its lifespan. This circuit offers a solution by disconnecting the load from the battery…
  75. Pressure Switch Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Pressure Sensor Circuit Overview A straightforward pressure switch within the range of 50 to 350 bar can be created utilizing a pressure sensor. Remarkably, with slightly diminished linearity, the sensor's…
  76. Sensitive Overload Sensor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    The best way to measure the current in a circuit is to place a sense resistor in the current path. The higher the resistance, the more exact the measurement will…
  77. Single-Opamp 10-MHz Bandpass Filter Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Utilizing a Bandpass Filter for Specific Frequency Range Bandpass filter are commonly employed to allow frequencies within a designated frequency range to pass through. When a high-performance opamp is utilized,…
  78. Video Correction for Pinnacle Studio MP10 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    The Pinnacle Studio MP10: Enhancing Output Signal Quality The Pinnacle Studio MP10 is an external real-time MPEG1 codec equipped with composite video input and output. However, its output signal strength…
  79. High-Side Current Measurements Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Effortless Current Measurement with Specialized ICs Measuring current in the positive lead of a power supply, like a battery charger, can be a challenging task. Thankfully, recent years have seen…
  80. Simple MD Cartridge Preamplifier Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Phonographs: A Fading Tradition Phonographs are slowly fading into obscurity, making way for more advanced technologies like CD players, recorders, and portable MiniDisc player/recorders. This shift is acknowledged by audio…
  81. Video-Out Coupling Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Utilizing Distribution Amplifiers for Multiple Video Destinations When you aim to route a video signal to multiple destinations, employing a distribution amplifier becomes essential to align with the 75-ohm impedance…
  82. 2 × single = 1 × dual Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Variety of Single Opamps A wider range of single opamps is accessible compared to their dual or quad counterparts. Occasionally, it can be intriguing to substitute a dual opamp with…
  83. Low-Noise Microphone Amplifier Schematic Circuit Diagram
    The microphone signal is too weak for a standard line input, but this low-noise DC-coupled microphone amplifier offers a solution for individuals looking to connect a microphone to their hi-fi…
  84. Noise Injector Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Exploring Audio Experimentation The circuit noise injector is designed primarily for individuals interested in experimenting with audio. It allows users to explore various aspects, such as identifying differences in their…
  85. ECG amplifier circuit using ic 741 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Instrumentation amplifier using an opamp An instrumentation amplifier is a kind of differential amplifier with additional input buffer stages. The addition of input buffer stages makes it easy to match…
  86. Zero suppressor for IC17106 Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Eliminating Superfluous Zeros in ICL7106 Displays Many individuals find the leading zero before a number, as seen in a liquid crystal (LC) display, unnecessary and bothersome. For them, '1' is…
  87. Virtual Ground Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Creating a Virtual Ground for Opamp Circuits Virtual Ground: In scenarios where only a single power supply is available for an opamp circuit, a challenge arises as these circuits typically…
  88. Low-Drop Diode Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Addressing High Current Diode Voltage Drops Many silicon diode exhibit a forward voltage of 1 V or more at high currents. Some types manage to limit the drop to 0.5–0.6…
  89. Bias Compensation For Opamps Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Lower Input Noise Level of Bipolar Opamps Bipolar opamps offer an advantage over FET types due to their significantly lower input noise levels. However, in high-impedance circuits, the bias current…
  90. Car battery monitor Schematic Circuit Diagram
    Charge-Discharge-Idle (C-D-I) Monitor for Vehicles This C-D-I monitor is designed to be compatible with vehicles equipped with 12-V or 24-V batteries, where the negative terminal is linked to the chassis…
  91. Three-phase simulator
    Three-phase power can be defined as the common method of alternating current power generation, transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system and is the most common method used…
  92. Symmetrical power supply
    A stabilized symmetrical power supply unit is an embedded circuit, or stand-alone unit, the function of which is to supply two complementary stable voltages to a circuit or device that must…
  93. Simple Signal Generator
    A signal generator is one of a class of electronic devices that generates electrical signals with set properties of amplitude, frequency, and wave shape. These generated signals are used as a stimulus for electronic…
  94. Precision Rectifier for Digital Voltmeter(DVM)
    DVM
    The voltmeter is an electrical measuring instrument used to measure the potential difference between two points. The voltage to be measured may be AC or DC. Two types of voltmeters…
  95. Latest mini projects in electronics with circuit diagram
    1. Circuit Diagram Of High Power Audio Amplifier In this tutorial “Circuit Diagram Of High Power Audio Amplifier” you will how to make an audio amplifier which you can utilize…
  96. Measuring Electrolytic Capacitors
    Most capacitance meters have no facility for measuring large electrolytic capacitors. The circuit described here makes it possible for such capacitors to be measured with some degree of accuracy, in…
  97. LED VU Meter
    VU is an abbreviation for volume unit. Thus, a VU meter is a device for measuring the level of SOUND intensity with audio equipment, such as AMPLIFIERs and TAPE RECORDERs.…
  98. Optical squelch
    Many of the less expensive short. Wave receivers have no squelch circuit and continue to emanate noise when no usable signal is coming in. Fortunately, they normally have an LE…
  99. PC fan control Circuit
    It is an unfortunate and well-known fact that most PCs of IBM and compatible type make a lot of noise. which is both undesirable lots of noise in the both…
  100. 40 W output amplifier
    Although there are a number of hybrid output modules on the market, very few of them combine compactness with reasonable price and good performance. one of these few is SGS's…
  101. 4th order single chip filter
    High-order filters are normally designed by using two or more 2nd-order sections in series. That means that a 4th-order filter needs at least two opamps. The present filter, however, uses…
  102. Scanner for Preamplifier
    The scanner is an extension for 0 1 1 the 'All-solid-state preamplifier' published in Elektor Electronics* As its name implies, it scans all inputs of the preamplifier to ascertain where…
  103. Water Level Control
    In some countries, the water supply Ad is irregular at most times; in many other countries only during a drought. A means of making this less inconvenient is offered by…
  104. Wien Bridge with asymmetrical power supply
    Normally, a Wien bridge oscillator contains two identical capacitors and two identical (variable) resistors. That being the case, the transfer factor of the bridge in Fig. 1 is 1:3. For…
  105. Fast Active Rectifier Circuit Diagram
    Purpose of Fast Active Rectifier: The fast active rectifier is intended to improve the bandwidth of most digital multi-meters. It is based on a half-wave rectifier in a traditional set-up.…
  106. Solar Cell Power Supply System Circuit Diagram
    The simplest solar cell power supply system consists of three parts; a diode, a solar cell panel, and a rechargeable battery. The diode prevents the battery from being discharged through…
  107. Auto Power off for Audio Equipment Circuit Diagram
    This small circuit switch off the equipment in the audio rack when sound has not produced for some time. The circuit is actuated by pressing S1 which causes the capacitor…
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